diff --git a/scripts/__pycache__/titlecase.cpython-314.pyc b/scripts/__pycache__/titlecase.cpython-314.pyc
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diff --git a/scripts/titlecase.py b/scripts/titlecase.py
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+++ b/scripts/titlecase.py
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+import sqlite3, sys, re
+
+# Small words stay lowercase in title case (unless first/last word)
+SMALL = {"a","an","the","and","or","nor","but","for","yet","so","as","at",
+         "by","for","from","in","into","of","on","onto","per","to","with",
+         "vs","via","de","van","der","and/or"}
+
+# Acronyms and special tokens that keep their form
+KEEP = {"AC","DC","EMF","pH","GOC","IUPAC","SN1","SN2","E1","E2","3D","2D",
+        "AM","GM","HM","AP","GP","HP","LCM","HCF","EM","SHM","RMS","SI",
+        "MCQ","JEE","NTA","AIEEE","S1","S2","N","Z","Q","R","C","O","H"}
+
+# Common mis-cased words found in the bank -> correct form
+FIX = {"ac": "AC", "am": "AM", "gm": "GM", "hm": "HM", "ap": "AP",
+       "gp": "GP", "hp": "HP", "emf": "EMF", "rms": "RMS", "shm": "SHM",
+       "goc": "GOC", "iupac": "IUPAC", "em": "EM"}
+
+def title_case(name: str) -> str:
+    # Preserve existing mixed-case names that are already fine
+    words = name.split()
+    out = []
+    for i, w in enumerate(words):
+        # Keep tokens with internal capitals/digits (e.g. pH, 3D, S1)
+        core = re.sub(r'^[^A-Za-z0-9]+|[^A-Za-z0-9]+$', '', w)
+        if not core:
+            out.append(w)
+            continue
+        if core in KEEP or (core.isupper() and len(core) <= 4):
+            out.append(w)
+            continue
+        low = core.lower()
+        if low in FIX:
+            out.append(w.replace(core, FIX[low]))
+        elif low in SMALL and i != 0 and i != len(words) - 1:
+            # lowercase the core, keep surrounding punctuation
+            out.append(w.replace(core, low))
+        else:
+            out.append(w.replace(core, core[0].upper() + core[1:].lower()))
+    return " ".join(out)
+
+
+def main(db_path: str) -> int:
+    con = sqlite3.connect(db_path)
+    cur = con.cursor()
+    rows = cur.execute("SELECT id, name FROM subtopics").fetchall()
+    changed = 0
+    for sid, name in rows:
+        new = title_case(name)
+        if new != name:
+            cur.execute("UPDATE subtopics SET name=? WHERE id=?", (new, sid))
+            changed += 1
+            if changed <= 15:
+                print(f"{name}  ->  {new}")
+    con.commit()
+    print(f"\nchanged {changed} of {len(rows)}")
+    return changed
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main(sys.argv[1])